Key Properties of Graphene Powder in One Minute

Overview: Graphene powder exhibits excellent properties in mechanics, electricity, optics, and thermal conductivity. The carbon atoms in graphene are flexibly connected, allowing the surface to bend and deform under mechanical force without rearranging, maintaining structural stability.

1. Mechanical Strength: Graphene powder is known as one of the strongest materials, over 100 times stronger than the strongest steel. Studies show that it can withstand a maximum pressure of approximately 2.9 micro-Newtons per 100 nm. Breaking a 1-micron-thick graphene sheet requires at least 55 Newtons of force.
2. Electrical Conductivity: Graphene powder boasts extremely high electron mobility, superior to any current high-temperature superconductors. Even with impurities, its electron mobility can reach 10,000 cm²/(Vs), far surpassing monocrystalline silicon, which has an electron mobility of only 1,400 cm²/(Vs). This high mobility remains stable across various temperatures.
3. Optical Transparency: Graphene powder is almost completely transparent, absorbing only about 2.3% of visible light, with a transmittance rate of 97.7%. Its light absorption is proportional to the number of layers, making it nearly as transparent as a single-layer graphene overlay.
4. Thermal Conductivity: Graphene powder is a thermally stable material with a thermal conductivity of up to 5300 W/(m·K), 13 times that of copper. The thermal conductivity varies with temperature and other factors, such as flake width, defect density, and edge roughness, displaying anisotropy in the plane direction.
5. Chemical Properties: While the electrical properties of graphene powder are well-studied, its chemical properties are also significant. It can adsorb and desorb various atoms and molecules like nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and potassium. These interactions can alter the carrier concentration but do not form new compounds. The chemical properties of graphene powder are similar to graphite, making it a hot topic for future research.